·
Possessive Adjective
Possessive
adjective adalah kata ganti benda yang selalu diikuti benda
Subject
|
Possessive
Adjective
|
I
You
They
We
He
She
It
You
|
My
Your
Their
Our
His
Her
Its
You
|
Rumus
:
S
+ tobe + Possesive Adjective + N
Contoh
Ø You
are My Girlfriend (kau adalah teman perempuan ku)
Ø I
am your Husband (aku adalah suami mu)
·
Possessive Pronoun
Possessive
Pronoun adalah Kata ganti benda yang tidak diikuti benda
Ciri-cirinya
:
- Bisa
berdiri sendiri
- Tidak
diikuti benda
- Selalu
diikuti kata milik
- Terletak
setelah tobe
Subject
|
Possessive
Adjective
|
Possessive
Pronoun
|
I
You
They
We
He
She
It
You
|
My
Your
Their
Our
His
Her
Its
You
|
Mine
Yours
Theirs
Ours
His
Here
-
Yours
|
Contoh
:
- The
book is hers (buku itu miliknya (pr) )
- The
houses are ours (rumah-rumah itu milik kita)
·
Reflexive pronoun (Kata ganti diri sendiri).
Reflexive pronoun merupakan kata ganti
yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau tindakan yang dilakukan sendiri
atau tanpa campur tangan orang lain.
Myself
|
Saya sendiri
|
Yourself/ yourselves
|
Kamu sendiri/ Kalian sendiri
|
Himself
|
Dia sendiri
|
Herself
|
Dia sendiri
|
Theirselves
|
Mereka sendiri
|
Ourselve
|
Kami/Kita sendiri
|
Itself
|
Binatang/benda itu sendiri
|
Example:
Sentence
|
Meaning
|
I can do it myself
|
Saya dapat mengerjakannya sendiri
|
He washes the dress himself
|
Dia sendiri yang mencuci baju itu
|
They kill their friends theirselves
|
Mereka sendiri yang membunuh
|
·
Pengertian Gerund
Gerund adalah kata
kerja (Verb) yang
digunakan tetapi fungsinya berubah sebagai kata benda (Noun). atau dapat juga dikatakan bahwa gerundadalah
kata kerja yang dibendakan(Verbal
Noun).
Bentuk dari Gerund adalah: VERB 1 + ING
Contohnya: swimming,
shopping, talking, playing, sleeping, eating, etc.
Fungsi dan
Contoh Gerund
1. Menggunakan Gerund sebagai subject
Apabila Gerund sebagai Subject,
makaGerund dapat berdiri sendiri atau
berbentuk sebagai frase.
Contoh:
Playing football is my hobby.
Bentuk
dari kata “playing” pada kalimat di atas adalah sebagai Gerund, yang berfungsi sebagai kata
benda (Noun).
|
2. Menggunakan Gerund sebagai object
Ada dua kemungkinan jika Gerund digunakan sebagai Object,
yakni Object of Preposition (ObjectKata Depan) dan Object
of Verb (Object Kata Kerja).
- Menggunakan Gerund Sebagai Object of Preposition (Object Preposisi)
Formula: Preposition
+ Gerund (Verb + Ing)
Contoh:
We talk about going to Bali
for our vacation.
She is not
interesting in looking for a new job.
Thank you for helping me carry
the bag.
You Should
take advantage of living here.
The rain
prevented us from completing the work.
We will be
happy by listening the
music.
Billy is not used to wearing a
suit and tie everyday.
Beberapa
preposisi (preposition) lazim yang sering diikuti oleh Gerund adalah:about, in, for, of, without, from, by, dan to.
|
CATATAN:
Untuk
preposisi “to”, boleh diikuti Gerund jika fungsinya memang sebagai
presposisi, bukan bentuk dari infinitif.
Contohnya:
I’m used to sleeping with the window open.
I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
I look forward to going home next month.
|
- Menggunakan Gerund Sebagai Object of Verb (Object
Kata Kerja)
Formula: VERB
+ Gerund (Verb + Ing)
Kata kerja (VERB) yang lazim diikuti oleh Gerund adalah sebagai berikut:
VERB +
GERUND
|
Enjoy
|
quit (give up)
|
go
|
consider (think about)
|
Appreciate
|
finish (get through)
|
postpone (put off)
|
discuss (talk about)
|
Mind
|
delay
|
mention
|
keep (keep on)
|
Stop
|
suggest
|
avoid
|
|
Contoh:
I go shopping with my friends.
I enjoy playing tennis.
Brian quit smoking.
Brian give up smoking.
|
·
INFINITIVE
+ VERB
RUMUS
: Subject + Verb + to infinitive
Contoh
kalimat:
- I want to study English. (Saya ingin belajar bahasa inggris)
- He refused to go. (Ia menolak pergi)
- I hope to see you again. (Saya berharap bertemu kamu lagi)
- The driver was ordered to stop. (Pengemudi itu
diperintahkan untuk berhenti)
- I expect to pass the test. (Saya berharap lolos tes)
- We’re going out for dinner. Would
you like to join us?
(Kita
akan pergi keluar untuk makan malam. Maukah kamu bergabung dengan kita?)
- Jenny offered to lend me a little money.
(Jenny
menawarkan meminjamkan sedikit uang kepada saya)
- Mrs. Allen promised to come tomorrow.
(Nyonya
Allen berjanji untuk datang kemarin)
- Lucy pretended to know the answer to my question.
(Lucy
berpura-pura mengetahui jawaban dari pertanyaan saya)
- Residents are not allowed to bring pets in my
apartment.
(Penduduk
tidak diijinkan untuk membawa binatang peliharaan di apartemen saya)
|
· ADJECTIVE
+ INFINITIVES
Adjective adalah
suatu kata sifat yang digunakan untuk menerangkan noun atau pronoun
yang dapat berupa: person (orang), place (tempat), animal (binatang), maupun
thing (benda).
Jenis
– jenis adjective :
1. Adjective
position
2. Adjective
order
3. Adjective
degree
4. Adjective
clause
RUMUS
:
(kalimat) + Adjective + to infinitive
Contoh
: English is easy to learn
RUMUS
untuk Setelah Adj / kata sifat :
Adjective + To + Verb 1
Contoh
:
1.
Happy To Hear It
2.
Proud To Win
3.
Difficult To Do
·
Bentuk Dari Elliptical Constructions
1. Affirmative Agreement
2. Negative Agreement
Affirmative Agreement
Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu
kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata “so”atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan
kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so” dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus
berikut:
Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari “to be” digunakan
pada klausa kedua (second clause).
Contohnya:
I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.
You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.
Affirmative statement (to be) + and +
|
Subject + to be + too
|
So + to be + subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock,
and so is mine.
I am sick, and He is too.
Our class is clean, and so are theirs.
Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.
My hand writing is bad, and so are you.
Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb),
contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya
(auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause). Contohnya:
He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.
The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.
Affirmative statement + and +
(auxiliary
verb)
|
Subject + auxiliary verb only + too
|
So + auxiliary verb only + subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
They will go at noon, and she will too.
He has an early appointment,
and so have I.
They have written their lyrics,
and so have we.
Richard has lived in Cuba for five years,
and they have too.
I should finish the report,
and she should too.
Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary
verb pada klausa utama (main
clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan
pada klausa kedua (second clause)
dan tenses nya harus
sama. Contohnya:
We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.
My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.
Affirmative statement + and +
(single verb except ”to be”)
|
Subject + (do, does, did) + too
|
So + (do, does, did) + subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.
My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.
My brother invites him to the party,
and my sister does too.
They wrote a good poem, and so did he.
Fred cooked fried rice for his
breakfast, and Tina did too.
Negative Agreement
“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi
yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second
clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative
sentence/ agreement). Kata “Either”dan “neither” ini
digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/
agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata
kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata
kerja). Contohnya:
I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday,
and Ali didn’t either.
I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday,
and neither did Ali.
Negative statement + and +
|
Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either
|
Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” +
subject
|
Contoh kalimat lainnya:
The manager isn’t too happy with the project,
and neither is his assistant.
We can’t study in the library,
and he can’t either.
You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.
My brother won’t accept my father’s
decision, and my sister won’t
either.
He doesn’t know the answer,
and neither does she.
Sumber
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